ISM Independent Study & Mentorship Project

Communicable Diseases in School Populations

Understanding how infectious diseases spread in schools — and what students, teachers, and administrators can do to stop them. An evidence-based public health resource for every grade level.

Why This Matters for Schools

Communicable diseases have a measurable impact on school attendance, student health, and learning outcomes across every grade level.

22M+ School days lost to flu each year in the U.S.
59% Of illness-related school closures caused by respiratory illness
74% Lower infection risk in classrooms with improved ventilation
6 Key communicable diseases covered in this project
3 Age-appropriate factsheet versions per disease

Communicable Diseases in Focus

Each disease has three age-differentiated factsheets — written for elementary, middle school, and high school students.

Influenza (Flu)

A highly contagious respiratory virus that causes millions of school absences every year. Spreads easily through droplets in crowded classrooms.

Elementary Middle School High School

COVID-19

Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, COVID-19 continues to affect school operations, attendance, and student well-being.

Elementary Middle School High School

RSV

Respiratory Syncytial Virus is the leading cause of infant hospitalization and spreads rapidly in elementary settings and child care.

Elementary Middle School High School

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

A highly contagious bacterial infection known for its severe coughing fits. Vaccination with DTaP/Tdap is the most effective prevention strategy.

Elementary Middle School High School

Norovirus

The leading cause of stomach illness in schools. Outbreaks spread quickly through contaminated surfaces, food, and person-to-person contact.

Elementary Middle School High School

Resources for Every School Community Member

This project presents information at three reading levels so everyone from kindergarteners to school nurses can benefit.

Elementary Students

Simple words, fun visuals, and easy-to-remember hygiene tips for kids in grades K–5.

Middle School Students

Moderate detail explaining how diseases work and why prevention habits matter for grades 6–8.

High School Students

Scientific language, biology concepts, public health context, and research-backed data for grades 9–12.

Teachers & Administrators

School-focused information, prevention strategies, and links to official guidelines from CDC, WHO, and AAP.

Why Schools Are Uniquely Vulnerable

Several factors make schools one of the most common places for communicable diseases to spread.

High Crowding Index

Classrooms concentrate many people in a small space for long periods, significantly increasing the chance of person-to-person transmission.

Indoor Air Quality

Viral particles spread more easily indoors. Inadequate ventilation allows concentrations to build, raising infection risk by up to 74% compared to ventilated spaces.

Close Physical Contact

Students share desks, supplies, food, and social spaces, creating constant opportunities for respiratory droplets and surface contamination to spread pathogens.

Inconsistent Hygiene

Studies show only 28% of female and 8% of male students wash their hands with soap after using the bathroom, leaving many susceptible to infection.

Impact on Learning

Illness-related absences disrupt academic progress and access to school services like meals and therapy. 59% of school closure causes are respiratory illnesses.

Community Spread

Infections don't stay in school — sick students bring diseases home to families, caregivers, and vulnerable community members including infants and elderly.

Simple Actions That Make a Big Difference

Public health research consistently shows these everyday behaviors significantly reduce disease transmission in school settings.

Wash hands
with soap

Stay home
when sick

Cover coughs
& sneezes

Stay up-to-date
on vaccines

Improve indoor
ventilation

Don't share
food or drinks

Independent Study & Mentorship (ISM)

Project Goal

To raise awareness of communicable diseases in school environments and promote evidence-based hygiene behaviors through age-differentiated public health communication.

Research Approach

Disease information is drawn from peer-reviewed sources including the CDC, WHO, and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) — the gold standards of public health research.

What You'll Find

Age-differentiated factsheets for 5 diseases, data visualizations on school illness trends, and a full bibliography of sources for further reading.

Handmade Disease Models

Physical models built from scratch to visualize pathogen structure — connecting microbiology to real-world public health in schools.

Influenza Virus Structure poster Influenza Virus 3D handmade model — top view

Structure of the Influenza Virus

Labeled poster & 3D model — viral envelope, hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M2 ion channel, RNA, and RNP complex.

Student-made Bacterial Cell Structure poster and model

Structure of a Bacterial Cell

Cross-section model showing flagellum, pili, capsule, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleoid DNA, plasmid, and ribosomes.